Detection of bio-markers over the past decade"

 Detection of bio-markers over the past decade"

As we are fully aware of the fact that the development of the new bio-markers is of great significance in treating and preventing the diseases or the complex toxins outbreaks in the body, so scientist and researchers are always eager to find new bio-markers to prevent the onslaught of the diseases.

First of all lets us know that what is a bio-marker? A bio-marker can be termed as characteristic that can play a very vital role in the reflection of the intensity of a disease in the body. It can also be used as a detector to indicate a disease in the body; it can be assessed by a particular antibody produced in response to that disease. Moreover, they also make us enable to initiate a therapy which can act only on the target site in the body to prevent the loss of the healthy cells and tissues in the body. Bio-markers can be classified as disease related and drug related bio-markers. Disease related bio-markers help us to have knowledge about the development and the progression of the disease, and helps us to learn about the mechanism of the development of the disease in the body, whereas drug related bio-markers help us to find about the efficacy of the drug in a particular against a particular disease.

            Although still a lot of work has to be done in this field, however major advancements have been made for the progress in the quantitative detection of the bio-markers over the past decade. In the past bio-markers were only considered as the physiological indicator like high blood pressure was considered as an indicator of the hypertension, but the scenario is different now as the term bio-marker has a broad aspect to consider in the era. Some of the new bio-markers being used over the past decade are in the next paragraphs.

 For example the research of bio-markers has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients like in case of EGFR associated cancers in the patients in whom the tumor is involved in the expression of the mutated KRAS gene OR KRAS protein, which constitutes the pathway for the EGFR signaling. This continues signaling is a bio-marker of the fact that there is a continuous and proliferated growth of the cancer cells. These bio-markers have the ability to detect the cancer at its early stage to prevent any further damage and enables physicians to start a definitive therapy against the cancer patients. One of the most famous bio-marker over the past few years is CTC (circulating tumor cell), present in the bodies of the cancer patients. In recent times it is almost possible to develop a new anti cancer drug as it is used to measure the response of the cancer to a particular drug.

            Besides cancer a number of diseases are usually symptom less in their early phases like in case of Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis etc. in this case bio-markers are playing a very significant role as they detect the disease in its early stage so make it possible to treat with its proceeding towards an alarming condition. Likewise, bio-marker like C-reactive protein is a bio-marker which is released by the artherosclertic plaques in the arteries helps us to understand the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular diseases like in the case of artherosclerotic plaques in the arteries. Aldosterone a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex also acts as a biomarker to check the pharmacological effect of the drugs such as 5-HT4 receptor agonist in the body.

Although advancements have been made in the past decade, however development of new biomarkers has become a challenge for the researchers, like for the disease like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease there is still a need of the bio-markers.