Healthconcerns “Articles on cancer” is going to add a
complete pharmacology and the medicinal chemistry of the Anti-cancer drugs. So
here is the first one as “6-MERCAPTOPURINE”
Chemical structure
Mechanism of action
6-Mercaptupurine is converted
to 6- Mercaptopurine nucleosides
leading to De novo inhibition of purine nucleotide synthesis.
¨
6-Mercaptopurine competes with hypoxanthine and
guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and itself converted to thioinosinic acid
Thioinosinic acid (I MP)
¨
TIMP inhibits several reactions involving
inosinic mono phosphate (IMP) including its conversion to xanthylic acid and
adenylic acid
¨
Thioinosinic mono phosphate on methylation is converted
into 6-methylthinosinate
¨
Both TIMP and 6-methylthinosinate inhibit
glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase, involved in purine
ribonucleotide synthesis
Chemical synthesis
Pharmacokinetics
•
Rapidly absorbed when administered orally-
maximum level is achived within 1-2 h after administration
•
Distributed in all tissues except the brain
because it cannot cross blood–brain barrier
Metabolism
Three enzymes play major role in the metabolism of mercaptopurine
1- Xanthine oxidase
2- Thiopurine methyltransferase
3-
hypoxanthine/guanine
phosphoribosyltransferase
¨
Degradation is primarily by xanthine oxidase.
Urine contains intact mercaptopurine, thiouric acid and a number of 6-methylated
thiopurines
¨
The methylthiopurines yield appreciable amount
of inorganic sulphate
Excretion
The parent drug and its metabolites are excreted by the
kidney
Uses
Widely used as an adjunctive immunosuppressive agent, in
patients gastroenterology (chronic bowel syndrome)
It is also a corticosteroid-sparing agent having organ
transplants, and in rheumatology, dermatology.
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